The Schindler house, also known as the AW Hawksley SGS, is a unique and historically significant property type in the UK. Built between 1949 and 1954, these homes were designed by G. Schindler and manufactured by Hawksley Construction. With approximately 1,400 units constructed, these properties are predominantly found as two-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. This article delves into the intricate details of the Schindler house, providing valuable insights for home buyers and investors.
Historical Context and Manufacturing
The Schindler house emerged in the post-World War II era, a period marked by a significant housing shortage in the UK. The government sought rapid and cost-effective solutions to address the housing crisis, leading to the development of system-built properties like the Schindler house. Hawksley Construction, a prominent manufacturer, played a crucial role in this initiative.
Designer and Manufacturer
- Designer: G. Schindler
- Manufacturer: Hawksley Construction
- Period Built: 1949-1954
- Number Built: 1,400
The Schindler house, also referred to as the AW Hawksley SGS, was part of a broader effort to provide affordable housing. These homes were constructed using the Schindler-Gohner System (SGS), a method that emphasized speed and efficiency.
Identification Characteristics
Recognizing a Schindler house is relatively straightforward due to its distinct architectural features. These properties are typically two-storey semi-detached or terraced houses with a medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles. The external walls are constructed entirely of brick, giving them a robust and traditional appearance.
Key Features
- Type: Two-storey semi-detached and terraced houses
- Roof: Medium pitch gable roof with concrete tiles
- External Walls: Brick throughout
These characteristics make the Schindler house easily identifiable, even to the untrained eye. However, for a more detailed inspection, understanding the construction and potential defects is essential.
Construction Details
The construction of Schindler houses involves several key components, each contributing to the overall stability and durability of the property. Here, we break down the construction elements, from the substructure to the roof.
Substructure
The substructure of a Schindler house consists of concrete strip footings and a brick under-building. The concrete slab extends to form a plinth, and a damp-proof course (DPC) is included to prevent moisture ingress.
Frame
The frame is a critical component, comprising 5″ x 4 5/8″ reinforced concrete (RC) corner columns and intermediate columns. These columns feature starter bars at the ground floor level and continuity bars at the column heads. RC ring beams are present at the first floor and eaves level, providing additional structural support.
External Walls
The external walls are constructed with 4 1/2″ brick tied to the frame using galvanized steel wires. A 5″ cavity is present, and storey-height timber framing is fixed to the column and beam formwork. The walls are lined with bituminous paper and two layers of plasterboard.
Separating Wall
The separating wall features RC corner columns, ring beams, and concrete intermediate columns. A timber frame cavity wall is lined with bituminous paper and two layers of plasterboard, with a 2″ cavity. In the roof space, 4″ precast concrete (PC) blocks are used.
Partitions
Internal partitions are made of plaster panels, providing a lightweight yet sturdy solution for dividing spaces within the home.
Floors
The ground floor is constructed of concrete, while the first floor features timber boarding on timber joists. This combination ensures a solid foundation and a comfortable living space.
Roof
The roof is constructed using timber trusses, which are built in two halves and joined together. Concrete tiles cover the roof, offering durability and weather resistance.
Typical Defects and Hazards
While Schindler houses are known for their robust construction, they are not without their flaws. Understanding these potential defects is crucial for home buyers and investors.
Concrete Cover to Steel Reinforcement
One of the primary concerns with Schindler houses is the minimal or absent concrete cover to steel reinforcement. This issue can lead to corrosion of the steel, compromising the structural integrity of the property.
Corrosion of Wire Wall Ties
The galvanized steel wires used to tie the brickwork to the RC columns are prone to corrosion. Over time, this can weaken the connection between the brickwork and the frame, leading to potential structural issues.
Designated Defective
Schindler houses are classified as defective under the Defective Premises Act. This designation highlights the need for thorough inspections and potential remedial work to ensure the safety and longevity of the property.
Inspection Guide for Surveyors
For surveyors, inspecting a Schindler house requires a keen eye and a thorough understanding of its construction and potential defects. Here are some key areas to focus on during an inspection.
Substructure and Frame
- Check for signs of moisture ingress around the DPC and plinth.
- Inspect the RC columns and ring beams for any visible cracks or signs of corrosion.
- Ensure the continuity bars and starter bars are intact and free from rust.
External Walls
- Examine the brickwork for any signs of movement or cracking.
- Check the condition of the galvanized steel wires tying the brickwork to the frame.
- Look for any gaps or deterioration in the bituminous paper and plasterboard lining.
Separating Wall
- Inspect the RC columns and ring beams for structural integrity.
- Check the timber frame cavity wall for any signs of moisture or decay.
- Ensure the 4″ PC blocks in the roof space are secure and free from damage.
Floors and Roof
- Examine the concrete ground floor for any cracks or unevenness.
- Check the timber boarding and joists on the first floor for signs of wear or damage.
- Inspect the timber trusses and concrete tiles on the roof for any signs of deterioration or leaks.
Variants and Modifications
Over the years, some Schindler houses have undergone modifications and upgrades. Understanding these variants can provide additional insights during an inspection.
Inner Leaf of External Walls
In some cases, the inner leaf of the external walls may consist of 1 3/4″ foamed plaster bonded to a 3/4″ layer of fibre-reinforced plaster cast into aluminium edge strips. This modification can impact the thermal performance and structural integrity of the walls.
Separating Wall in Roof Space
Another variant involves the use of asbestos cement sheets infilled with 4″ mica concrete in the separating wall in the roof space. Asbestos is a hazardous material, and its presence requires careful handling and potential removal by specialists.
Roof of RSA Trusses
Some Schindler houses may feature roofs constructed with RSA trusses. These trusses offer additional strength and stability but require regular inspections to ensure they remain in good condition.
Maintenance and Remedial Work
Maintaining a Schindler house involves regular inspections and timely remedial work to address any defects. Here are some key maintenance tips for homeowners and investors.
Regular Inspections
Conducting regular inspections is crucial to identify and address potential issues before they escalate. Focus on the key areas mentioned earlier, and consider hiring a professional surveyor for a comprehensive assessment.
Addressing Corrosion
If corrosion is detected in the steel reinforcement or wire wall ties, it is essential to address it promptly. This may involve removing and replacing the affected components or applying protective coatings to prevent further corrosion.
Moisture Management
Moisture ingress can lead to significant structural issues and health hazards. Ensure the DPC is intact and functioning correctly, and address any signs of moisture promptly. Installing proper ventilation and drainage systems can also help manage moisture levels.
Asbestos Removal
If asbestos is present in the property, it is crucial to handle it with care. Hire a licensed asbestos removal specialist to safely remove and dispose of the material, ensuring the property is safe for occupancy.
Investing in Schindler Houses
For investors, Schindler houses offer a unique opportunity to own a piece of post-war history. However, it is essential to approach these investments with caution and due diligence.
Historical Significance
Schindler houses hold historical significance as part of the UK’s post-war housing efforts. This can add value to the property, especially for buyers interested in preserving and restoring historical homes.
Potential for Renovation
Many Schindler houses have undergone renovations and upgrades over the years. Investors can capitalize on this by purchasing properties in need of refurbishment and enhancing their value through modern upgrades and improvements.
Market Demand
The demand for Schindler houses can vary depending on the location and condition of the property. Conduct thorough market research to understand the demand and potential resale value in your target area.
Conclusion
The Schindler house, with its unique construction and historical significance, offers a fascinating opportunity for home buyers and investors. Understanding the intricacies of its design, potential defects, and maintenance requirements is crucial for making informed decisions. Whether you are considering purchasing a Schindler house for personal use or as an investment, conducting thorough inspections and addressing any issues promptly will ensure the longevity and value of the property.
At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to uncover any hidden risks. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our online calculator or call us directly on 0330 043 4650. Your home’s safety is our top priority. Disclaimer: This article is provided for general educational purposes only and is based on industry research, professional knowledge, and experience. It does not relate to any specific property and should not be relied upon when making a purchasing decision. Prospective purchasers should always commission an independent RICS-qualified surveyor to conduct a full inspection and provide a report on the actual condition of any property of interest.
