Overview of the Waller House
The Waller House, a distinctive property type in the UK, is a testament to early 20th-century innovation in housing. Designed by J H de W Waller and manufactured by Waller Housing Corporation Ltd and Hill Richards & Co., these homes were primarily built in the 1920s. Known for their unique construction methods and materials, Waller Houses are a significant part of the UK’s architectural heritage. This article delves into the intricate details of these properties, providing valuable insights for home buyers and investors.
Historical Context and Manufacturing
Period and Location
Waller Houses were constructed during the 1920s, a period marked by a housing boom in the UK. These properties are typically found in suburban areas, reflecting the era’s push towards expanding residential zones beyond city centres. The need for rapid and cost-effective housing solutions post-World War I led to the development of system-built properties like the Waller House.
Manufacturers and Designers
The primary manufacturers of Waller Houses were Waller Housing Corporation Ltd and Hill Richards & Co. The design was spearheaded by J H de W Waller, whose innovative approach to construction aimed to address the housing shortage of the time. The collaboration between these entities resulted in the creation of a unique housing type that combined practicality with durability.
Characteristics of Waller Houses
Structural Features
Waller Houses are typically two-storey semi-detached homes. They feature a medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with slates. The external walls are constructed from Precast Reinforced Concrete (PRC) panels, which are exposed and include vertical PRC cover strips and beams. These characteristics make Waller Houses easily identifiable and distinguish them from other property types of the same era.
Construction Details
Substructure
The substructure details of Waller Houses are not well-documented. However, the focus on PRC panels suggests a robust foundation designed to support the heavy concrete elements.
External Walls
The external walls are composed of dense reinforced concrete (RC) columns, with a timber subframe acting as permanent formwork to the ring beam and columns. The walls also include dense RC ring beams at the first floor and eaves level. The storey height panels are made of dense PRC, with a cavity and clinker PRC panels providing additional insulation and structural integrity.
Separating Walls and Partitions
The separating walls between properties are constructed from PC panels, ensuring sound insulation and fire resistance. Internal partitions are typically made from block or brick, providing sturdy and durable internal walls.
Floors
The ground floor is made of concrete, offering a solid and stable base. The first floor consists of PRC slabs supported by PRC floor beams, ensuring structural strength and durability.
Roofs
The roofs of Waller Houses are tray-shaped PRC roof slabs, supported by timber rafters and battens, and covered with slates. This design provides effective weather resistance and longevity.
Typical Hazards and Risks
Cracking and Spalling
One of the most common issues with Waller Houses is the cracking and spalling of PRC cover strips. This can lead to structural weaknesses and potential safety hazards if not addressed promptly.
Leaks
Leaks through PRC roof units are another prevalent problem. These leaks can cause water damage to the interior of the property and may lead to more severe structural issues if left untreated.
Timber and Slate Cover Additions
In some cases, timber and slate covers have been added to the roofs of Waller Houses, secured with 1″ diameter tie bars. While this can enhance the aesthetic appeal and weather resistance, it may also introduce additional maintenance requirements.
Defective Premises Act and Waller Houses
Waller Houses are designated as defective under the Defective Premises Act. This designation means that these properties may have inherent structural issues that could pose risks to occupants. Buyers and investors should be aware of this classification and consider it when evaluating the potential costs and benefits of purchasing a Waller House.
Inspection Guide for Surveyors
Identifying Characteristics
When inspecting a Waller House, surveyors should look for the following identifying characteristics: – Two-storey semi-detached structure – Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with slates – External walls made of PRC panels with exposed vertical PRC cover strips and beams
Common Defects
Surveyors should be vigilant for the following common defects: – Cracking and spalling of PRC cover strips – Leaks through PRC roof units – Timber and slate cover additions to the roof
Detailed Inspection Points
External Walls
Inspect the dense RC columns and PRC panels for signs of cracking, spalling, or other damage. Check the timber subframe and ring beams for any signs of rot or deterioration.
Roof
Examine the tray-shaped PRC roof slabs, timber rafters, and battens for any signs of leaks, damage, or wear. Ensure that the slate covering is intact and properly secured.
Floors
Check the concrete ground floor for any signs of cracking or unevenness. Inspect the PRC slabs and floor beams on the first floor for structural integrity and any signs of damage.
Internal Partitions
Inspect the block or brick internal partitions for any signs of cracking or movement. Ensure that the separating walls made of PC panels are intact and provide adequate sound insulation.
Conclusion
Waller Houses represent a unique and historically significant property type in the UK. While they offer a range of benefits, including robust construction and distinctive design, they also come with specific risks and maintenance requirements. Understanding these aspects is crucial for home buyers and investors considering a Waller House.
At Flettons, we’re committed to safeguarding your investment. When considering a property purchase, trust our seasoned expertise to uncover any hidden risks. For a thorough building survey, get your instant quote through our online calculator or call us directly on 0330 043 4650. Your home’s safety is our top priority. Disclaimer: This article is provided for general educational purposes only and is based on industry research, professional knowledge, and experience. It does not relate to any specific property and should not be relied upon when making a purchasing decision. Prospective purchasers should always commission an independent RICS-qualified surveyor to conduct a full inspection and provide a report on the actual condition of any property of interest.
